China tightens rare earth minerals exports before key Xi-Trump summit

China has announced tighter export controls on rare earth elements, effective December 1, 2025. Foreign companies will now need special permits to export items using Chinese-sourced rare earths or related technology. The move comes just before the high-stakes Xi-Trump Summit in South Korea. It suggests China is using its control of 70% of global mining and over 90% of processing to strengthen its negotiating position.